Your Daily Dose of Health

Covering all aspects of the wellness wheel

Video games and boys

February 28, 2008 Uncategorized | Comments (0) Tyler @ 9:30 pm

I have been reading this book that I am very excited about.  I can’t seam to put it down once I start reading.  I missed my train stop today because I was so enamored by the teachings.  I am going to share a couple of paragraphs because I think everyone should read this book, and we need to rethink our lifestyles.  We are losing a lot of young men because of these factors Dr. Sax has wrote about and it is time we stand for the future.“New research suggests that video games may also affect the brain in ways that compromise motivation. The nucleus accumbens operates in balance with another area of the brain, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The nucleus accumbens is responsible for channeling drive and motivation, and gives the drive a rewarding character. The DLPFC provides a target and a contest drive. Both of these areas of the brain need to be working properly in order for a person to be motivated, and working toward a real-world goal.


A recent brain imaging study of boys between the ages of seven and fourteen years found that playing video games puts this system seriously out of kilter. It seems to shut off blood flow to the DLPFC. IN other words, playing these games engorges the nucleus accumbens with blood, while diverting blood away from the balancing area of the brain. The net result is that playing video games gives boys the reward associated with achieving a great objective, but without any connection to the real world, without any sense of a need to contextualize the story.

In other words, video games may affect the brain in children in much the same way that medications like Ritalin and Adderall and Concerta do. Curiously, this point is not disputed even by the most ardent advocates of video games. In Everything Bad Is Good for You, Steven Johnson noted that research on video games suggests that these games stimulate “a part of the brain called the nucleus accumbens” in much the same way the crack cocaine affects the same area.”This is from the book “boys adrift: The Five Factors Driving the Growing Epidemic of Unmotivated Boys and Underachieving Young Men.” by Leonard Sax. M.D., PhD.

100 weird facts about the human body

February 27, 2008 Uncategorized | Comments (12) Tyler @ 7:19 pm
 
  

100 Weird Facts About the Human Body 

The human body is an incredibly complex and intricate system, one that still baffles doctors and researchers on a regular basis despite thousands of years of medical knowledge. As a result, it shouldn’t be any surprise that even body parts and functions we deal with every day have bizarre or unexpected facts and explanations behind them. From sneezes to fingernail growth, here are 100 weird, wacky, and interesting facts about the human body.

The Brain

The human brain is the most complex and least understood part of the human anatomy. There may be a lot we don’t know, but here are a few interesting facts that we’ve got covered.

1. Nerve impulses to and from the brain travel as fast as 170 miles per hour. Ever wonder how you can react so fast to things around you or why that stubbed toe hurts right away? It’s due to the super-speedy movement of nerve impulses from your brain to the rest of your body and vice versa, bringing reactions at the speed of a high powered luxury sports car.

2. The brain operates on the same amount of power as 10-watt light bulb. The cartoon image of a light bulb over your head when a great thought occurs isn’t too far off the mark. Your brain generates as much energy as a small light bulb even when you’re sleeping.

3. The human brain cell can hold 5 times as much information as the Encyclopedia Britannica. Or any other encyclopedia for that matter. Scientists have yet to settle on a definitive amount, but the storage capacity of the brain in electronic terms is thought to be between 3 or even 1,000 terabytes. The National Archives of Britain, containing over 900 years of history, only takes up 70 terabytes, making your brain’s memory power pretty darn impressive.

4. Your brain uses 20% of the oxygen that enters your bloodstream. The brain only makes up about 2% of our body mass, yet consumes more oxygen than any other organ in the body, making it extremely susceptible to damage related to oxygen deprivation. So breathe deep to keep your brain happy and swimming in oxygenated cells.
5. The brain is much more active at night than during the day. Logically, you would think that all the moving around, complicated calculations and tasks and general interaction we do on a daily basis during our working hours would take a lot more brain power than, say, lying in bed. Turns out, the opposite is true. When you turn off your brain turns on. Scientists don’t yet know why this is but you can thank the hard work of your brain while you sleep for all those pleasant dreams.

6. Scientists say the higher your I.Q. the more you dream. While this may be true, don’t take it as a sign you’re mentally lacking if you can’t recall your dreams. Most of us don’t remember many of our dreams and the average length of most dreams is only 2-3 seconds–barely long enough to register.

7. Neurons continue to grow throughout human life. For years scientists and doctors thought that brain and neural tissue couldn’t grow or regenerate. While it doesn’t act in the same manner as tissues in many other parts of the body, neurons can and do grow throughout your life, adding a whole new dimension to the study of the brain and the illnesses that affect it.

8. Information travels at different speeds within different types of neurons. Not all neurons are the same. There are a few different types within the body and transmission along these different kinds can be as slow as 0.5 meters/sec or as fast as 120 meters/sec.

9. The brain itself cannot feel pain. While the brain might be the pain center when you cut your finger or burn yourself, the brain itself does not have pain receptors and cannot feel pain. That doesn’t mean your head can’t hurt. The brain is surrounded by loads of tissues, nerves and blood vessels that are plenty receptive to pain and can give you a pounding headache.

10. 80% of the brain is water. Your brain isn’t the firm, gray mass you’ve seen on TV. Living brain tissue is a squishy, pink and jelly-like organ thanks to the loads of blood and high water content of the tissue. So the next time you’re feeling dehydrated get a drink to keep your brain hydrated.

Hair and Nails

While they’re not a living part of your body, most people spend a good amount of time caring for their hair and nails. The next time you’re heading in for a haircut or manicure, think of these facts.

11. Facial hair grows faster than any other hair on the body. If you’ve ever had a covering of stubble on your face as you’re clocking out at 5 o’clock you’re probably pretty familiar with this. In fact, if the average man never shaved his beard it would grow to over 30 feet during his lifetime, longer than a killer whale.

12. Every day the average person loses 60-100 strands of hair. Unless you’re already bald, chances are good that you’re shedding pretty heavily on a daily basis. Your hair loss will vary in accordance with the season, pregnancy, illness, diet and age.

13. Women’s hair is about half the diameter of men’s hair. While it might sound strange, it shouldn’t come as too much of a surprise that men’s hair should be coarser than that of women. Hair diameter also varies on average between races, making hair plugs on some men look especially obvious.

14. One human hair can support 3.5 ounces. That’s about the weight of two full size candy bars, and with hundreds of thousands of hairs on the human head, makes the tale of Rapunzel much more plausible.

15. The fastest growing nail is on the middle finger. And the nail on the middle finger of your dominant hand will grow the fastest of all. Why is not entirely known, but nail growth is related to the length of the finger, with the longest fingers growing nails the fastest and shortest the slowest.

16. There are as many hairs per square inch on your body as a chimpanzee. Humans are not quite the naked apes that we’re made out to be. We have lots of hair, but on most of us it’s not obvious as a majority of the hairs are too fine or light to be seen.

17. Blondes have more hair. They’re said to have more fun, and they definitely have more hair. Hair color determines how dense the hair on your head is. The average human has 100,000 hair follicles, each of which is capable of producing 20 individual hairs during a person’s lifetime. Blondes average 146,000 follicles while people with black hair tend to have about 110,000 follicles. Those with brown hair fit the average with 100,000 follicles and redheads have the least dense hair, with about 86,000 follicles.

18. Fingernails grow nearly 4 times faster than toenails. If you notice that you’re trimming your fingernails much more frequently than your toenails you’re not just imagining it. The nails that get the most exposure and are used most frequently grow the fastest. On average, nails on both the toes and fingers grow about one-tenth of an inch each month.

19. The lifespan of a human hair is 3 to 7 years on average. While you quite a few hairs each day, your hairs actually have a pretty long life providing they aren’t subject to any trauma. Your hairs will likely get to see several different haircuts, styles, and even possibly decades before they fall out on their own.

20. You must lose over 50% of your scalp hairs before it is apparent to anyone. You lose hundreds of hairs a day but you’ll have to lose a lot more before you or anyone else will notice. Half of the hairs on your pretty little head will have to disappear before your impending baldness will become obvious to all those around you.

21. Human hair is virtually indestructible. Aside from it’s flammability, human hair decays at such a slow rate that it is practically non-disintegrative. If you’ve ever wondered how your how clogs up your pipes so quick consider this: hair cannot be destroyed by cold, change of climate, water, or other natural forces and it is resistant to many kinds of acids and corrosive chemicals.

Internal Organs

Though we may not give them much thought unless they’re bothering us, our internal organs are what allow us to go on eating, breathing and walking around. Here are some things to consider the next time you hear your stomach growl.

22. The largest internal organ is the small intestine. Despite being called the smaller of the two intestines, your small intestine is actually four times as long as the average adult is tall. If it weren’t looped back and forth upon itself it wouldn’t fit inside the abdominal cavity.

23. The human heart creates enough pressure to squirt blood 30 feet. No wonder you can feel your heartbeat so easily. Pumping blood through your body quickly and efficiently takes quite a bit of pressure resulting in the strong contractions of the heart and the thick walls of the ventricles which push blood to the body.

24. The acid in your stomach is strong enough to dissolve razorblades. While you certainly shouldn’t test the fortitude of your stomach by eating a razorblade or any other metal object for that matter, the acids that digest the food you eat aren’t to be taken lightly. Hydrochloric acid, the type found in your stomach, is not only good at dissolving the pizza you had for dinner but can also eat through many types of metal.

25. The human body is estimated to have 60,000 miles of blood vessels. To put that in perspective, the distance around the earth is about 25,000 miles, making the distance your blood vessels could travel if laid end to end more than two times around the earth.

26. You get a new stomach lining every three to four days. The mucus-like cells lining the walls of the stomach would soon dissolve due to the strong digestive acids in your stomach if they weren’t constantly replaced. Those with ulcers know how painful it can be when stomach acid takes its toll on the lining of your stomach.

27. The surface area of a human lung is equal to a tennis court. In order to more efficiently oxygenate the blood, the lungs are filled with thousands of branching bronchi and tiny, grape-like alveoli. These are filled with microscopic capillaries which oxygen and carbon dioxide. The large amount of surface area makes it easier for this exchange to take place, and makes sure you stay properly oxygenated at all times.

28. Women’s hearts beat faster than men’s.The main reason for this is simply that on average women tend to be smaller than men and have less mass to pump blood to. But women’s and men’s hearts can actually act quite differently, especially when experiencing trauma like a heart attack, and many treatments that work for men must be adjusted or changed entirely to work for women.

29. Scientists have counted over 500 different liver functions. You may not think much about your liver except after a long night of drinking, but the liver is one of the body’s hardest working, largest and busiest organs. Some of the functions your liver performs are: production of bile, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, and detoxification.

30. The aorta is nearly the diameter of a garden hose. The average adult heart is about the size of two fists, making the size of the aorta quite impressive. The artery needs to be so large as it is the main supplier of rich, oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

31. Your left lung is smaller than your right lung to make room for your heart. For most people, if they were asked to draw a picture of what the lungs look like they would draw both looking roughly the same size. While the lungs are fairly similar in size, the human heart, though located fairly centrally, is tilted slightly to the left making it take up more room on that side of the body and crowding out that poor left lung.

32. You could remove a large part of your internal organs and survive. The human body may appear fragile but it’s possible to survive even with the removal of the stomach, the spleen, 75 percent of the liver, 80 percent of the intestines, one kidney, one lung, and virtually every organ from the pelvic and groin area. You might not feel too great, but the missing organs wouldn’t kill you.

33. The adrenal glands change size throughout life. The adrenal glands, lying right above the kidneys, are responsible for releasing stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. In the seventh month of a fetus’ development, the glands are roughly the same size as the kidneys. At birth, the glands have shrunk slightly and will continue to do so throughout life. In fact, by the time a person reaches old age, the glands are so small they can hardly be seen.

Bodily Functions

We may not always like to talk about them, but everyone has to deal with bodily functions on a daily basis. These are a few facts about the involuntary and sometimes unpleasant actions of our bodies.

34. Sneezes regularly exceed 100 mph. There’s a good reason why you can’t keep your eyes open when you sneeze–that sneeze is rocketing out of your body at close to 100 mph. This is, of course, a good reason to cover your mouth when you sneeze.

35. Coughs clock in at about 60 mph. Viruses and colds get spread around the office and the classroom quickly during cold and flu season. With 60 mph coughs spraying germs far and wide, it’s no wonder.

36. Women blink twice as many times as men do. That’s a lot of blinking every day. The average person, man or woman, blinks about 13 times a minute.

37. A full bladder is roughly the size of a soft ball. No wonder you have to run to bathroom when you feel the call of the wild. The average bladder holds about 400-800 cc of fluid but most people will feel the urge to go long before that at 250 to 300 cc.

38. Approximately 75% of human waste is made of water. While we might typically think that urine is the liquid part of human waste products, the truth is that what we consider solid waste is actually mostly water as well. You should be thankful that most waste is fairly water-filled, as drier harder stools are what cause constipation and are much harder and sometimes painful to pass.

39. Feet have 500,000 sweat glands and can produce more than a pint of sweat a day. With that kind of sweat-producing power it’s no wonder that your gym shoes have a stench that can peel paint. Additionally, men usually have much more active sweat glands than women.

40. During your lifetime, you will produce enough saliva to fill two swimming pools. Saliva plays an important part in beginning the digestive process and keeping the mouth lubricated, and your mouth produces quite a bit of it on a daily basis.

41. The average person expels flatulence 14 times each day. Even if you’d like to think you’re too dignified to pass gas, the reality is that almost everyone will at least a few times a day. Digestion causes the body to release gases which can be painful if trapped in the abdomen and not released.

42. Earwax production is necessary for good ear health. While many people find earwax to be disgusting, it’s actually a very important part of your ear’s defense system. It protects the delicate inner ear from bacteria, fungus, dirt and even insects. It also cleans and lubricates the ear canal.

Sex and Reproduction

As taboo as it may be in some places, sex is an important part of human life as a facet of relationships and the means to reproduce. Here are a few things you might not have known.

43. On any given day, sexual intercourse takes place 120 million times on earth. Humans are a quickly proliferating species, and with about 4% of the world’s population having sex on any given day, it’s no wonder that birth rates continue to increase in many places all over the world.

44. The largest cell in the human body is the female egg and the smallest is the male sperm. While you can’t see skin cells or muscle cells, the ovum is typically large enough to be seen with the naked eye with a diameter of about a millimeter. The sperm cell, on the other hand, is tiny, consisting of little more than nucleus.

45. The three things pregnant women dream most of during their first trimester are frogs, worms and potted plants. Pregnancy hormones can cause mood swings, cravings and many other unexpected changes. Oddly enough, hormones can often affect the types of dreams women have and their vividness. The most common are these three types, but many women also dream of water, giving birth or even have violent or sexually charged dreams.

46. Your teeth start growing 6 months before you are born. While few babies are born with teeth in place, the teeth that will eventually push through the gums of young children are formed long before the child even leaves the womb. At 9 to 12 weeks the fetus starts to form the teeth buds that will turn into baby teeth.

47. Babies are always born with blue eyes. The color of your eyes depends on the genes you get from your parents, but at birth most babies appear to have blue eyes. The reason behind this is the pigment melanin. The melanin in a newborn’s eyes often needs time after birth to be fully deposited or to be darkened by exposure to ultraviolet light, later revealing the baby’s true eye color.

48. Babies are, pound for pound, stronger than an ox. While a baby certainly couldn’t pull a covered wagon at its present size, if the child were the size of an oxen it just might very well be able to. Babies have especially strong and powerful legs for such tiny creatures, so watch out for those kicks.

49. One out of every 2,000 newborn infants has a tooth when they are born. Nursing mothers may cringe at this fact. Sometimes the tooth is a regular baby tooth that has already erupted and sometimes it is an extra tooth that will fall out before the other set of choppers comes in.

50. A fetus acquires fingerprints at the age of three months. When only a small fraction of the way through its development, a fetus will have already developed one of the most unique human traits: fingerprints. At only 6-13 weeks of development, the whorls of what will be fingerprints have already developed. Oddly enough, those fingerprints will not change throughout the person’s life and will be one of the last things to disappear after death.

51. Every human spent about half an hour as a single cell. All life has to begin somewhere, and even the largest humans spent a short part of their lives as a single celled organism when sperm and egg cells first combine. Shortly afterward, the cells begin rapidly dividing and begin forming the components of a tiny embryo.

52. Most men have erections every hour to hour and a half during sleep. Most people’s bodies and minds are much more active when they’re sleeping than they think. The combination of blood circulation and testosterone production can cause erections during sleep and they’re often a normal and necessary part of REM sleep.

Senses

The primary means by which we interact with the world around us is through our senses. Here are some interesting facts about these five sensory abilities.

53. After eating too much, your hearing is less sharp. If you’re heading to a concert or a musical after a big meal you may be doing yourself a disservice. Try eating a smaller meal if you need to keep your hearing pitch perfect.

54. About one third of the human race has 20-20 vision. Glasses and contact wearers are hardly alone in a world where two thirds of the population have less than perfect vision. The amount of people with perfect vision decreases further as they age.

55. If saliva cannot dissolve something, you cannot taste it. In order for foods, or anything else, to have a taste, chemicals from the substance must be dissolved by saliva. If you don’t believe it, try drying off your tongue before tasting something.

56. Women are born better smellers than men and remain better smellers over life. Studies have shown that women are more able to correctly pinpoint just what a smell is. Women were better able to identify citrus, vanilla, cinnamon and coffee smells. While women are overall better smellers, there is an unfortunate 2% of the population with no sense of smell at all.

57. Your nose can remember 50,000 different scents. While a bloodhound’s nose may be a million times more sensitive than a human’s, that doesn’t mean that the human sense of smell is useless. Humans can identify a wide variety of scents and many are strongly tied to memories.

58. Even small noises cause the pupils of the eyes to dilate. It is believed that this is why surgeons, watchmakers and others who perform delicate manual operations are so bothered by uninvited noise. The sound causes their pupils to change focus and blur their vision, making it harder to do their job well.

59. Everyone has a unique smell, except for identical twins. Newborns are able to recognize the smell of their mothers and many of us can pinpoint the smell of our significant others and those we are close to. Part of that smell is determined by genetics, but it’s also largely do to environment, diet and personal hygiene products that create a unique chemistry for each person.

Aging and Death

From the very young to the very old, aging is a necessary and unavoidable part of life. Learn about the process with these interesting, if somewhat strange facts.

60. The ashes of a cremated person average about 9 pounds. A big part of what gives the human body weight is the water trapped in our cells. Once cremated, that water and a majority of our tissues are destroyed, leaving little behind.

61. Nails and hair do not continue to grow after we die. They do appear longer when we die, however, as the skin dehydrates and pulls back from the nail beds and scalp.

62. By the age of 60, most people will have lost about half their taste buds. Perhaps you shouldn’t trust your grandma’s cooking as much as you do. Older individuals tend to lose their ability to taste, and many find that they need much more intense flavoring in order to be able to fully appreciate a dish.

63. Your eyes are always the same size from birth but your nose and ears never stop growing. When babies look up at you with those big eyes, they’re the same size that they’ll be carrying around in their bodies for the rest of their lives. Their ears and nose, however, will grow throughout their lives and research has shown that growth peaks in seven year cycles.

64. By 60 years of age, 60-percent of men and 40-percent of women will snore. If you’ve ever been kept awake by a snoring loved one you know the sound can be deafening. Normal snores average around 60 decibels, the noise level of normal speech, intense snores can reach more than 80 decibels, the approximate level caused by a jackhammer breaking up concrete.

65. A baby’s head is one-quarter of it’s total length, but by age 25 will only be one-eighth of its total length. As it turns out, our adorably oversized baby heads won’t change size as drastically as the rest of our body. The legs and torso will lengthen, but the head won’t get much longer.

Disease and Injury

Most of us will get injured or sick at some point in our lives. Here are some facts on how the human body reacts to the stresses and dangers from the outside world.

66. Monday is the day of the week when the risk of heart attack is greatest. Yet another reason to loathe Mondays! A ten year study in Scotland found that 20% more people die of heart attacks on Mondays than any other day of the week. Researchers theorize that it’s a combination of too much fun over the weekend with the stress of going back to work that causes the increase.

67. Humans can make do longer without food than sleep. While you might feel better prepared to stay up all night partying than to give up eating, that feeling will be relatively short lived. Provided there is water, the average human could survive a month to two months without food depending on their body fat and other factors. Sleep deprived people, however, start experiencing radical personality and psychological changes after only a few sleepless days. The longest recorded time anyone has ever gone without sleep is 11 days, at the end of which the experimenter was awake, but stumbled over words, hallucinated and frequently forgot what he was doing.

68. A simple, moderately severe sunburn damages the blood vessels extensively. How extensively? Studies have shown that it can take four to fifteen months for them to return to their normal condition. Consider that the next time you’re feeling too lazy to apply sunscreen before heading outside.

69. Over 90% of diseases are caused or complicated by stress. That high stress job you have could be doing more than just wearing you down each day. It could also be increasing your chances of having a variety of serious medical conditions like depression, high blood pressure and heart disease.

70. A human head remains conscious for about 15 to 20 seconds after it is been decapitated. While it might be gross to think about, the blood in the head may be enough to keep someone alive and conscious for a few seconds after the head has been separated from the body, though reports as to the accuracy of this are widely varying.

Muscles and Bones

Muscles and Bones provide the framework for our bodies and allow us to jump, run or just lie on the couch. Here are a few facts to ponder the next time you’re lying around.

71. It takes 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown. Unless you’re trying to give your face a bit of a workout, smiling is a much easier option for most of us. Anyone who’s ever scowled, squinted or frowned for a long period of time knows how it tires out the face which doesn’t do a thing to improve your mood.

72. Babies are born with 300 bones, but by adulthood the number is reduced to 206. The reason for this is that many of the bones of children are composed of smaller component bones that are not yet fused like those in the skull. This makes it easier for the baby to pass through the birth canal. The bones harden and fuse as the children grow.

73. We are about 1 cm taller in the morning than in the evening. The cartilage between our bones gets compressed by standing, sitting and other daily activities as the day goes on, making us just a little shorter at the end of the day than at the beginning.

74. The strongest muscle in the human body is the tongue. While you may not be able to bench press much with your tongue, it is in fact the strongest muscle in your body in proportion to its size. If you think about it, every time you eat, swallow or talk you use your tongue, ensuring it gets quite a workout throughout the day.

75. The hardest bone in the human body is the jawbone. The next time someone suggests you take it on the chin, you might be well advised to take their advice as the jawbone is one of the most durable and hard to break bones in the body.

76. You use 200 muscles to take one step. Depending on how you divide up muscle groups, just to take a single step you use somewhere in the neighborhood of 200 muscles. That’s a lot of work for the muscles considering most of us take about 10,000 steps a day.

77. The tooth is the only part of the human body that can’t repair itself. If you’ve ever chipped a tooth you know just how sadly true this one is. The outer layer of the tooth is enamel which is not a living tissue. Since it’s not alive, it can’t repair itself, leaving your dentist to do the work instead.

78. It takes twice as long to lose new muscle if you stop working out than it did to gain it. Lazy people out there shouldn’t use this as motivation to not work out, however. It’s relatively easy to build new muscle tissue and get your muscles in shape, so if anything, this fact should be motivation to get off the couch and get moving.

79. Bone is stronger than some steel. This doesn’t mean your bones can’t break of course, as they are much less dense than steel. Bone has been found to have a tensile strength of 20,000 psi while steel is much higher at 70,000 psi. Steel is much heavier than bone, however, and pound for pound bone is the stronger material.

80. The feet account for one quarter of all the human body’s bones. You may not give your feet much thought but they are home to more bones than any other part of your body. How many? Of the two hundred or so bones in the body, the feet contain a whopping 52 of them.

Microscopic Level

Much of what takes place in our bodies happens at a level that we simply can’t see with the naked eye. These facts will show you that sometimes that might be for the best.

81. About 32 million bacteria call every inch of your skin home. Germaphobes don’t need to worry however, as a majority of these are entirely harmless and some are even helpful in maintaining a healthy body.

82. Humans shed and regrow outer skin cells about every 27 days. Skin protects your delicate internal organs from the elements and as such, dries and flakes off completely about once a month so that it can maintain its strength. Chances are that last month’s skin is still hanging around your house in the form of the dust on your bookshelf or under the couch.

83. Three hundred million cells die in the human body every minute. While that sounds like a lot, it’s really just a small fraction of the cells that are in the human body. Estimates have placed the total number of cells in the body at 10-50 trillion so you can afford to lose a few hundred million without a hitch.

84. Humans shed about 600,000 particles of skin every hour. You may not think much about losing skin if yours isn’t dry or flaky or peeling from a sunburn, but your skin is constantly renewing itself and shedding dead cells.

85. Every day an adult body produces 300 billion new cells. Your body not only needs energy to keep your organs up and running but also to constantly repair and build new cells to form the building blocks of your body itself.

86. Every tongue print is unique. If you’re planning on committing a crime, don’t think you’ll get away with leaving a tongue print behind. Each tongue is different and yours could be unique enough to finger you as the culprit.

87. Your body has enough iron in it to make a nail 3 inches long. Anyone who has ever tasted blood knows that it has a slightly metallic taste. This is due to the high levels of iron in the blood. If you were to take all of this iron out of the body, you’d have enough to make a small nail and very severe anemia.

88. The most common blood type in the world is Type O. Blood banks find it valuable as it can be given to those with both type A and B blood. The rarest blood type, A-H or Bombay blood due to the location of its discovery, has been found in less than hundred people since it was discovered.

89. Human lips have a reddish color because of the great concentration of tiny capillaries just below the skin. The blood in these capillaries is normally highly oxygenated and therefore quite red. This explains why the lips appear pale when a person is anemic or has lost a great deal of blood. It also explains why the lips turn blue in very cold weather. Cold causes the capillaries to constrict, and the blood loses oxygen and changes to a darker color.

Miscellaneous

Here are a few things you might not have known about all different parts of your anatomy.

90. The colder the room you sleep in, the better the chances are that you’ll have a bad dream. It isn’t entirely clear to scientists why this is the case, but if you are opposed to having nightmares you might want to keep yourself a little toastier at night.

91. Tears and mucus contain an enzyme (lysozyme) that breaks down the cell wall of many bacteria. This is to your advantage, as the mucus that lines your nose and throat, as well as the tears that wet your eyes are helping to prevent bacteria from infecting those areas and making you sick.

92. Your body gives off enough heat in 30 minutes to bring half a gallon of water to a boil. If you’ve seen the Matrix you are aware of the energy potentially generated by the human body. Our bodies expend a large amount of calories keeping us at a steady 98.6 degrees, enough to boil water or even cook pasta.

93. Your ears secrete more earwax when you are afraid than when you aren’t. The chemicals and hormones released when you are afraid could be having unseen effects on your body in the form of earwax. Studies have suggested that fear causes the ears to produce more of the sticky substance, though the reasons are not yet clear.

94. It is not possible to tickle yourself. Even the most ticklish among us do not have the ability to tickle ourselves. The reason behind this is that your brain predicts the tickle from information it already has, like how your fingers are moving. Because it knows and can feel where the tickle is coming from, your brain doesn’t respond in the same way as it would if someone else was doing the tickling.

95. The width of your armspan stretched out is the length of your whole body. While not exact down to the last millimeter, your armspan is a pretty good estimator of your height.

96. Humans are the only animals to produce emotional tears. In the animal world, humans are the biggest crybabies, being the only animals who cry because they’ve had a bad day, lost a loved one, or just don’t feel good.

97. Right-handed people live, on average, nine years longer than left-handed people do. This doesn’t have a genetic basis, but is largely due to the fact that a majority of the machines and tools we use on a daily basis are designed for those who are right handed, making them somewhat dangerous for lefties to use and resulting in thousands of accidents and deaths each year.

98. Women burn fat more slowly than men, by a rate of about 50 calories a day. Most men have a much easier time burning fat than women. Women, because of their reproductive role, generally require a higher basic body fat proportion than men, and as a result their bodies don’t get rid of excess fat at the same rate as men.

99. Koalas and primates are the only animals with unique fingerprints. Humans, apes and koalas are unique in the animal kingdom due to the tiny prints on the fingers of their hands. Studies on primates have suggested that even cloned individuals have unique fingerprints.

100. The indentation in the middle of the area between the nose and the upper lip has a name. It is called the philtrum. Scientists have yet to figure out what purpose this indentation serves, though the ancient Greeks thought it to be one of the most erogenous places on the body.

(source)

Light & Love
My Serenity

Study shows Antidepressants are no better than Placebo

February 26, 2008 Uncategorized | Comments (1) Tyler @ 8:10 pm

(NaturalNews) The following is a groundbreaking report from the independent, honest medical journal PLoS Medicine (which accepts no advertising money from Big Pharma). The full study, with sources and attributions, can be found at http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlse…

This study is sending shockwaves through the medical community. It finally reveals the Big Pharma hoax behind antidepressant drugs. Through fraudulent science and clever marketing, drug companies have managed to take a drug that works no better than placebo and turn it into a multi-billion dollar scam. But the truth is finally out: Taking Prozac is no more effective than taking a sugar pill! Hundreds of millions of consumers have been fooled by the quack science supporting modern pharmaceutical medicine. Read the study details below…

Editor’s Summary:

Everyone feels miserable occasionally. But for some people — those with depression — these sad feelings last for months or years and interfere with daily life. Depression is a serious medical illness caused by imbalances in the brain chemicals that regulate mood. It affects one in six people at some time during their life, making them feel hopeless, worthless, unmotivated, even suicidal. Doctors measure the severity of depression using the “Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression” (HRSD), a 17–21 item questionnaire. The answers to each question are given a score and a total score for the questionnaire of more than 18 indicates severe depression. Mild depression is often treated with psychotherapy or talk therapy (for example, cognitive–behavioral therapy helps people to change negative ways of thinking and behaving). For more severe depression, current treatment is usually a combination of psychotherapy and an antidepressant drug, which is hypothesized to normalize the brain chemicals that affect mood. Antidepressants include “tricyclics,” “monoamine oxidases,” and “selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors” (SSRIs). SSRIs are the newest antidepressants and include fluoxetine, venlafaxine, nefazodone, and paroxetine.

Why Was This Study Done?

Although the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), and other licensing authorities have approved SSRIs for the treatment of depression, some doubts remain about their clinical efficacy. Before an antidepressant is approved for use in patients, it must undergo clinical trials that compare its ability to improve the HRSD scores of patients with that of a placebo, a dummy tablet that contains no drug. Each individual trial provides some information about the new drug’s effectiveness but additional information can be gained by combining the results of all the trials in a “meta-analysis,” a statistical method for combining the results of many studies. A previously published meta-analysis of the published and unpublished trials on SSRIs submitted to the FDA during licensing has indicated that these drugs have only a marginal clinical benefit. On average, the SSRIs improved the HRSD score of patients by 1.8 points more than the placebo, whereas NICE has defined a significant clinical benefit for antidepressants as a drug–placebo difference in the improvement of the HRSD score of 3 points. However, average improvement scores may obscure beneficial effects between different groups of patient, so in the meta-analysis in this paper, the researchers investigated whether the baseline severity of depression affects antidepressant efficacy.

What Did the Researchers Do and Find?

The researchers obtained data on all the clinical trials submitted to the FDA for the licensing of fluoxetine, venlafaxine, nefazodone, and paroxetine. They then used meta-analytic techniques to investigate whether the initial severity of depression affected the HRSD improvement scores for the drug and placebo groups in these trials. They confirmed first that the overall effect of these new generation of antidepressants was below the recommended criteria for clinical significance. Then they showed that there was virtually no difference in the improvement scores for drug and placebo in patients with moderate depression and only a small and clinically insignificant difference among patients with very severe depression. The difference in improvement between the antidepressant and placebo reached clinical significance, however, in patients with initial HRSD scores of more than 28 — that is, in the most severely depressed patients. Additional analyses indicated that the apparent clinical effectiveness of the antidepressants among these most severely depressed patients reflected a decreased responsiveness to placebo rather than an increased responsiveness to antidepressants.

What Do These Findings Mean?

These findings suggest that, compared with placebo, the new-generation antidepressants do not produce clinically significant improvements in depression in patients who initially have moderate or even very severe depression, but show significant effects only in the most severely depressed patients. The findings also show that the effect for these patients seems to be due to decreased responsiveness to placebo, rather than increased responsiveness to medication. Given these results, the researchers conclude that there is little reason to prescribe new-generation antidepressant medications to any but the most severely depressed patients unless alternative treatments have been ineffective. In addition, the finding that extremely depressed patients are less responsive to placebo than less severely depressed patients but have similar responses to antidepressants is a potentially important insight into how patients with depression respond to antidepressants and placebos that should be investigated further.

[Here is the abstract from the study]

Initial Severity and Antidepressant Benefits: A Meta-Analysis of Data Submitted to the Food and Drug Administration

Irving Kirsch, Brett J. Deacon, Tania B. Huedo-Medina, Alan Scoboria, Thomas J. Moore, Blair T. Johnson

Background

Meta-analyses of antidepressant medications have reported only modest benefits over placebo treatment, and when unpublished trial data are included, the benefit falls below accepted criteria for clinical significance. Yet, the efficacy of the antidepressants may also depend on the severity of initial depression scores. The purpose of this analysis is to establish the relation of baseline severity and antidepressant efficacy using a relevant dataset of published and unpublished clinical trials.

Methods and Findings

We obtained data on all clinical trials submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the licensing of the four new-generation antidepressants for which full datasets were available. We then used meta-analytic techniques to assess linear and quadratic effects of initial severity on improvement scores for drug and placebo groups and on drug–placebo difference scores. Drug–placebo differences increased as a function of initial severity, rising from virtually no difference at moderate levels of initial depression to a relatively small difference for patients with very severe depression, reaching conventional criteria for clinical significance only for patients at the upper end of the very severely depressed category. Meta-regression analyses indicated that the relation of baseline severity and improvement was curvilinear in drug groups and showed a strong, negative linear component in placebo groups.

Conclusions

Drug–placebo differences in antidepressant efficacy increase as a function of baseline severity, but are relatively small even for severely depressed patients. The relationship between initial severity and antidepressant efficacy is attributable to decreased responsiveness to placebo among very severely depressed patients, rather than to increased responsiveness to medication.

Source: PLoS Medicine: http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlse…

(source)

Reposting: 10 Exotic and Healthy Juice Recipes

February 19, 2008 Recipes | Comments (2) Tyler @ 7:54 am

Added Note: Use soy or rice milk in smoothies. Cow’s milk is too unhealthy and dangerous. Great post though! :]

♥ Thanks for sharing ♥ : My Serenity

10 Exotic and Healthy Juice Recipes

10 extremely tasty, simple and easy to make Juice recipes with common fruits available.

The Cholesterol Buster

A juice made from Apple cucumber and celery is known to fight cancer and reduce cholesterol. It also improves any sort of stomach upset and headache. This juice is a must have once you have crossed your 30′s. If you have this juice every other day, then you will not have to worry about your cholesterol level any more.

♥

Super Breath

This juice is specifically for people who want to improve their skin complexion. The ingredients are Apple, Carrot and Tomato. For better effect use Green apples. This juice also had an added advantage of eliminating bad breath. This is due to the Apple, Tomato combination.

♥

Super Cooler

A combination of Bitter gourd milk and Apple is used when one generates lots of internal body heat. This juice will instantly cool down your internal body heat and make you more comfortable. It also fights bad breath just like our previous recipe.

♥

Super Skin

It is a very well know fact that orange and cucumber are the most vital things to have if one is concerned about the skin. A combination of these two combined with ginger will act as a supper supplement for your skin. Its combined effect will improve the skin texture and moisture content in the skin. It is also a body heat reducing drink.

♥

The Wild Thing

Now, this one is one of my favorites. Apple, Pineapple and Watermelon blends together to form a wonderful mouth watering juice which is excellent for you kidney and bladder. It also helps dispelling excess salts from your body. Some people use a tint of salt with this juice but I like to drink it as it is without the salt flavor.

♥

The Vitamin Juice

This is an extremely healthy drink with loads and loads of vitamin content. It is made from Honeydew, black grapes, watermelon and milk (even try using a milk alternative like soy or rice milk). If you have kids at home, they will love this. Other than Vitamin C, it also has Vitamin B2. It also increases the cell activity and strengthens body immunity.

♥

The Sugar Fighter

This is a simple but very useful and easy to digest juice. It regulates the sugar content in our body. The juice is made of Pear and banana. Pear is good for an ulcer, constipation, and urination and also works for congestion, fever alleviation, and cough. Banana is good for people who have high blood pressure because it is low in salt. Banana contains tryptophan, a type of protein that the body converts into serotonin. Serotonin is a hormone that is known to make you feel happy and improve your mood.

♥

Anti Oxidant

A juice made by mixing mango, pear, carrot and apple will act as an anti oxidant. It clears the body heat, counteracts toxicity and decrease blood pressure. Apple is a well known anti oxidant. The addition of mango makes this juice a very tasty drink.

♥

Purple Pine

Purple pine is made from pineapple and grapes. A black grape is usually used. The drink is high in iron and pineapple acts as a Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Digestive agent. It is a good drink to have after your lunch or dinner. Grape juice is known to be good for heart.

(source)

Light & Love
My Serenity

Naturopath Bill in Colorado and Why I oppose it.

February 5, 2008 Uncategorized | Comments (3) Tyler @ 1:21 pm

I am posting the whole bill for those who desire to look into the bill.  I am going to highlight come areas of concern to me and ask that you ask your self if this sounds like a Natural Health Doctor or not.  I would love to hear your insights…

I do believe that this bill is close to complete, but lacks simple additions.  It does not include Clayton College which is an online school, by the guidleline that are built in.  There are other parts I don’t agree with or the language is unclear. 

Tyler

A BILL FOR AN ACT

CONCERNING THE REGULATION OF NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS. 101

Bill Summary

(Note: This summary applies to this bill as introduced and does not necessarily reflect any amendments that may be subsequently adopted.)

Requires licensure of naturopathic doctors. Specifies the scope of practice, prohibited practices, and exemptions. Gives the director of the division of registrations within the department of regulatory agencies (director) rule-making authority. Creates a naturopathic formulary council (council) to recommend to the director a formulary for use by naturopathic doctors. Creates an advisory committee (committee).

Specifies the composition and appointing authorities for the committee and the council. Establishes licensing standards, including licensure by endorsement. Requires record-keeping and specific disclosures to the

HOUSE SPONSORSHIP

Labuda, Curry, and McGihon

SENATE SPONSORSHIP

Williams, Gordon, and Romer

Repeals the naturopath law in 2012, subject to sunset review.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado:

SECTION 1. Title 12, Colorado Revised Statutes, is amended BY

THE ADDITION OF A NEW ARTICLE to read:

ARTICLE 37.3

Naturopathic Medicine

12-37.3-101. Definitions. AS USED IN THIS ARTICLE, UNLESS THE  CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES: (1) “APPROVED NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL PROGRAM” MEANS:

(a) A NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL EDUCATION PROGRAM IN THE  UNITED STATES PROVIDING THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF NATUROPATHY OR DOCTOR OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE. SUCH PROGRAM SHALL OFFER GRADUATE-LEVEL, FULL-TIME, DIDACTIC, AND SUPERVISED CLINICAL TRAINING AND SHALL BE ACCREDITED, OR HAVE ACHIEVED CANDIDACY STATUS FOR ACCREDITATION, BY THE COUNCIL ON NATUROPATHIC  MEDICAL EDUCATION, ITS SUCCESSOR, OR AN EQUIVALENT FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED ACCREDITING BODY FOR NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL PROGRAMS. ADDITIONALLY, THE PROGRAM SHALL BE AN INSTITUTION, OR PART OF AN INSTITUTION, OF HIGHER EDUCATION THAT IS EITHER ACCREDITED OR IS A CANDIDATE FOR ACCREDITATION BY A REGIONAL OR NATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITING AGENCY RECOGNIZED BY THE UNITED STATES SECRETARY OF EDUCATION.

(b) A DEGREE-GRANTING COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY THAT, PRIOR TO THE EXISTENCE OF THE COUNCIL ON NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL EDUCATION, OFFERED A FULL-TIME, STRUCTURED CURRICULUM IN BASIC SCIENCES AND SUPERVISED PATIENT CARE COMPRISING A DOCTORAL NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL EDUCATION. SUCH COURSE, AS A PREREQUISITE TO GRADUATION, SHALL HAVE BEEN NOT LESS THAN ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-TWO WEEKS IN DURATION AND SHALL HAVE REQUIRED COMPLETION WITHIN A PERIOD OF NOT LESS THAN THIRTY-FIVE MONTHS.

(c) A DIPLOMA-GRANTING, DEGREE-EQUIVALENT COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY THAT, IF IN CANADA AND PRIOR TO ACCREDITATION BY THE COUNCIL ON NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL EDUCATION, HAD PROVINCIAL APPROVAL FOR PARTICIPATION IN GOVERNMENT-FUNDED STUDENT AID PROGRAMS AND OFFERED A FULL-TIME, STRUCTURED CURRICULUM IN BASIC SCIENCES AND SUPERVISED PATIENT CARE COMPRISING A DOCTORAL NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL EDUCATION. SUCH COURSE, AS A PREREQUISITE TO GRADUATION, SHALL HAVE BEEN NOT LESS THAN ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-TWO WEEKS IN DURATION AND SHALL HAVE REQUIRED COMPLETION WITHIN A PERIOD OF NOT LESS THAN THIRTY-FIVE MONTHS.

(d) A DIPLOMA-GRANTING, DEGREE-EQUIVALENT COLLEGE OR ANADA THAT OFFERS GRADUATE-LEVEL, FULL-TIME, DIDACTIC, AND SUPERVISED CLINICAL TRAINING AND THAT IS ACCREDITED, OR HAS ACHIEVED CANDIDACY STATUS FOR ACCREDITATION, BY THE COUNCIL ON NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL EDUCATION, A SUCCESSOR, OR AN EQUIVALENT FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED ACCREDITING BODY FOR NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL PROGRAMS. ADDITIONALLY, THIS COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY SHALL HAVE PROVINCIAL APPROVAL FOR PARTICIPATION IN GOVERNMENT-FUNDED STUDENT AID PROGRAMS.

(2) “COMMITTEE” MEANS THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE CREATED IN SECTION 12-37.3-107. (3) “C

OMMON DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES” MEANS COMMONLY USED DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES CONSISTENT WITH NATUROPATHIC PRACTICE; HEALTH HISTORY-TAKING; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; RADIOGRAPHY; LABORATORY MEDICINE; AND OBTAINING SAMPLES OF HUMAN TISSUES, BUT EXCLUDING INCISION OR EXCISION BEYOND THAT WHICH IS AUTHORIZED AS A MINOR OFFICE PROCEDURE.

(4) “DEPARTMENT” MEANS THE DEPARTMENT OF REGULATORY AGENCIES.

(5) “DIRECTOR” MEANS THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION.

(6) “DIVISION” MEANS THE DIVISION OF REGISTRATIONS IN THE DEPARTMENT.

(7) “LABORATORY MEDICINE” MEANS, AS SPECIFIED IN 42 CFR PART 493: (a) O

RDERING, BUT NOT PERFORMING OR INTERPRETING, ANY MODERATE- OR HIGH-COMPLEXITY TESTS; AND

(b) PERFORMING OR INTERPRETING WAIVED TESTING AFTER FIRST OBTAINING A CERTIFICATE OF WAIVER. (8) “M

INOR OFFICE PROCEDURES” MEANS:

(a) CARE AND PROCEDURES INCIDENT THERETO OF SUPERFICIAL LACERATIONS, LESIONS, AND ABRASIONS AND THE REMOVAL OF FOREIGN BODIES LOCATED IN SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES, NOT INCLUDING THE EYE;

(b) THE USE OF ANTISEPTICS AND TOPICAL OR LOCAL ANESTHETICS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH; AND 21

(c) INTRAMUSCULAR, INTRAVENOUS, SUBCUTANEOUS, AND INTRADERMAL INJECTIONS OF SUBSTANCES CONSISTENT WITH THE PRACTICE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH RULES ESTABLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR. (9) “N

ATUROPATHIC DOCTOR“, AND ALL DESIGNATIONS LISTED IN SECTION 12-37.3-102, MEANS A PERSON WHO IS REQUIRED TO BE LICENSED PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE AS A PRACTITIONER OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE.

(10) “NATUROPATHIC FORMULARY” MEANS THE LIST OF MEDICINES, BOTH NONPRESCRIPTION AND PRESCRIPTION, THAT NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS USE IN THE PRACTICE OF THEIR PROFESSION, AS RECOMMENDED BY THE NATUROPATHIC FORMULARY COUNCIL AND PROMULGATED BY THE DIRECTOR. (11) “N

ATUROPATHIC FORMULARY COUNCIL” MEANS THE COUNCIL CREATED IN SECTION 12-37.3-109.

(12) “NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE” MEANS A SYSTEM OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FOR THE PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN HEALTH CONDITIONS, INJURY, AND DISEASE; THE PROMOTION OR RESTORATION OF HEALTH; AND THE SUPPORT AND STIMULATION OF A PATIENT‘S INHERENT SELF-HEALING PROCESSES THROUGH PATIENT EDUCATION AND THE USE OF NATUROPATHIC THERAPIES AND THERAPEUTIC SUBSTANCES. (13) “N

ATUROPATHIC PHYSICAL MODALITIES” MEANS LIFESTYLE COUNSELING AND THE USE OF ULTRASOUND, ELECTRICAL STIMULATION, AND THE PHYSICAL FORCES OF HEAT, COLD WATER, TOUCH, AND LIGHT.

(14) “PRESCRIPTION DRUG” MEANS ANY DRUG DEFINED BY THE “FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACT“, 21 U.S.C. SEC. 353 (b), AS AMENDED, IF ITS LABEL IS REQUIRED TO BEAR THE STATEMENT “RX 22ONLY“.

(15) “RADIOGRAPHY” MEANS THE ORDERING, BUT NOT THE INTERPRETATION, OF RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSTIC AND OTHER IMAGING STUDIES AND THE TAKING AND INTERPRETATION OF STANDARD RADIOGRAPHS.

12-37.3-102. Title and designation.

(1) A PERSON REPRESENTS 1 HIMSELF OR HERSELF AS A PRACTITIONER OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE WHEN HE OR SHE USES OR ADOPTS ANY OF THE FOLLOWING DESIGNATIONS: “DOCTOR OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE“, “NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR“, OR “DOCTOR OF NATUROPATHY“. NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS SHALL USE THE TITLE “NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR” AND THE RECOGNIZED ABBREVIATION “N.D.” NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS SHALL HAVE THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO USE THE TITLES “NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR“, “NATUROPATH“, “DOCTOR OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE“, AND “DOCTOR OF NATUROPATHY“. THE ABBREVIATIONS “ND” AND “N.D.” DESIGNATE A PERSON LICENSED UNDER THIS ARTICLE AS A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR; EXCEPT THAT NOTHING IN THIS ARTICLE SHALL PRECLUDE A PERSON HOLDING A NURSING DOCTORATE DEGREE FROM USING THE INITIALS “ND” OR “N.D.” TO DESIGNATE SUCH NURSING DOCTORATE DEGREE. PERSONS LICENSED UNDER THIS ARTICLE SHALL NOT USE THE ABBREVIATIONS “NMD” OR “N.M.D.” OR THE TERM “NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL DOCTOR“.

(2) ON AND AFTER JULY 1, 2008, NO PERSON SHALL REPRESENT HIMSELF OR HERSELF TO THE PUBLIC AS A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR, A DOCTOR OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE, OR A DOCTOR OF NATUROPATHY, OR AS BEING OTHERWISE AUTHORIZED TO PRACTICE NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE IN COLORADO, WITHOUT FIRST OBTAINING FROM THE DIRECTOR A LICENSE TO PRACTICE NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE.

(3) THE TITLES AND ABBREVIATIONS IN THIS SECTION IDENTIFY NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS AND ARE RESTRICTED TO DESCRIBING AND IDENTIFYING LICENSED PRACTITIONERS.

12-37.3-103. Requirements for licensure – reciprocity – renewal – reinstatement – fee.

(1) EVERY APPLICANT FOR A LICENSE TO PRACTICE NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE SHALL HAVE:

(a) SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED AN APPROVED NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL PROGRAM;

(b) (I) PASSED A COMPETENCY EXAMINATION ADMINISTERED BY A NATIONAL CERTIFYING AGENCY THAT HAS BEEN APPROVED BY THE DIRECTOR AFTER CONSULTATION WITH THE COMMITTEE AND PROVIDED EVIDENCE OF CURRENT CERTIFICATION BY THE AGENCY; OR

(II) P</FONT>ASSED A COMPETENCY EXAMINATION DEVELOPED AND ADMINISTERED BY THE DIRECTOR AFTER CONSULTATION WITH THE COMMITTEE;

(c) SUBMITTED AN APPLICATION IN THE FORM AND MANNER DESIGNATED BY THE DIRECTOR; AND

(d) PAID A FEE IN AN AMOUNT DETERMINED BY THE DIRECTOR.

(2) WHEN AN APPLICANT HAS FULFILLED THE REQUIREMENTS OF SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION, THE DIRECTOR SHALL ISSUE A LICENSE TO THE APPLICANT UNLESS THE DIRECTOR DETERMINES THAT THE APPLICANT HAS COMMITTED ANY ACT THAT WOULD BE GROUNDS FOR DISCIPLINARY ACTION UNDER SECTION 12-37.3-110. (3) (a) T

HE DIRECTOR SHALL ISSUE A LICENSE TO PRACTICE NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE TO AN APPLICANT WHO OTHERWISE MEETS THE QUALIFICATIONS OF THIS ARTICLE AND WHO SUBMITS SATISFACTORY PROOF AND CERTIFIES UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY THAT THE APPLICANT CURRENTLY POSSESSES AN UNRESTRICTED CERTIFICATE OR LICENSE IN GOOD STANDING TO PRACTICE NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE UNDER THE LAWS OF ANOTHER STATE OR TERRITORY OF THE UNITED STATES OR A FOREIGN COUNTRY IF:

(I) THE DIRECTOR DETERMINES THAT THE QUALIFICATIONS FOR LICENSURE OR CERTIFICATION IN THE OTHER STATE, TERRITORY, OR FOREIGN COUNTRY ARE SUBSTANTIALLY EQUIVALENT TO THE LICENSURE REQUIREMENTS IN THIS ARTICLE; AND

(II) THE APPLICANT HAS NOT BEEN SUBJECT TO A DISCIPLINARY ACTION WITH REGARD TO THE APPLICANT‘S NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE CERTIFICATE OR LICENSE ISSUED BY THE OTHER STATE, TERRITORY, OR FOREIGN COUNTRY.

(b) THE DIRECTOR MAY DENY A LICENSE IF THE APPLICANT HAS COMMITTED ANY ACT THAT WOULD BE GROUNDS FOR DISCIPLINARY ACTION UNDER SECTION 12-37.3-110. (4) (a) A

NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR SHALL BE REQUIRED TO RENEW A LICENSE ISSUED UNDER THIS ARTICLE ACCORDING TO A SCHEDULE OF RENEWAL DATES ESTABLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR. THE APPLICANT FOR RENEWAL SHALL SUBMIT AN APPLICATION IN THE FORM AND MANNER DESIGNATED BY THE DIRECTOR AND SHALL PAY A RENEWAL FEE IN AN AMOUNT DETERMINED BY THE DIRECTOR.

(b) LICENSES SHALL BE RENEWED OR REINSTATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SCHEDULE ESTABLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR, AND SUCH RENEWAL OR REINSTATEMENT SHALL BE GRANTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 24-34-102

(8), C.R.S. THE DIRECTOR MAY ESTABLISH RENEWAL FEES AND DELINQUENCY FEES FOR REINSTATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 24-34-105, C.R.S. IF A PERSON FAILS TO RENEW HIS OR HER LICENSE PURSUANT TO THE SCHEDULE ESTABLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR, THE LICENSE SHALL EXPIRE. ANY PERSON WHOSE LICENSE HAS EXPIRED AND WHO CONTINUES TO PRACTICE NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE SHALL BE SUBJECT TO THE PENALTIES PROVIDED IN THIS ARTICLE OR SECTION 24-34-102 (8), C.R.S.

(5) ALL FEES COLLECTED UNDER THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE DETERMINED, COLLECTED, AND APPROPRIATED IN THE SAME MANNER AS SET FORTH IN SECTION 24-34-105, C.R.S., AND PERIODICALLY ADJUSTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 24-75-402, C.R.S.

(6) A PERSON WHO PRACTICES OR OFFERS OR ATTEMPTS TO PRACTICE NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE WITHOUT AN ACTIVE LICENSE ISSUED UNDER THIS ARTICLE COMMITS A CLASS 2 MISDEMEANOR AND SHALL BE PUNISHED AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 18-1.3-501, C.R.S., FOR THE FIRST OFFENSE, AND FOR THE SECOND OR ANY SUBSEQUENT OFFENSE, THE PERSON COMMITS A CLASS 6 FELONY AND SHALL BE PUNISHED AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 18-1.3-401, C.R.S.

12-37.3-104. Scope of practice.

(1) A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR MAY ORDER OR PERFORM COMMON DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES, MINOR OFFICE PROCEDURES, AND RADIOGRAPHY. A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR MAY ALSO PERFORM PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS.

(2) A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR SHALL REFER ALL DIAGNOSTIC TESTS, OTHER THAN THOSE SPECIFIED IN SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION, FOR PERFORMANCE AND INTERPRETATION TO A LABORATORY CERTIFIED TO PERFORM MODERATE- AND HIGH-COMPLEXITY TESTING AS SPECIFIED IN 42 CFR PART 493.

(3) A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR MAY DISPENSE, ADMINISTER, ORDER, AND PRESCRIBE OR PERFORM THE FOLLOWING:

(a) FOOD, EXTRACTS OF FOOD, NUTRACEUTICALS, VITAMINS, AMINO ACIDS, MINERALS, ENZYMES, BOTANICALS AND THEIR EXTRACTS, HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES, ALL DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS, AND DRUGS THAT ARE NOT PRESCRIPTION DRUGS AS DEFINED BY THE “FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACT“, 21 U.S.C. SEC. 353 (b), AS AMENDED;

(b) PRESCRIPTION SUBSTANCES AS DETERMINED BY THE DIRECTOR;

(c) DEVICES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THERAPEUTIC DEVICES, BARRIER CONTRACEPTION, (Can’t you buy these at the store?) AND DURABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT;

(d) HEALTH EDUCATION AND HEALTH COUNSELING;

(e) REPAIR AND CARE INCIDENTAL TO SUPERFICIAL LACERATIONS AND ABRASIONS; (like in first-aid?)(f) R

EMOVAL OF FOREIGN BODIES LOCATED IN THE SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES, NOT INCLUDING THE EYE; AND (Like a splinter?)

(g) NATUROPATHIC PHYSICAL MODALITIES.

(4) A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR MAY UTILIZE ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION, INCLUDING ORAL, NASAL, AURICULAR, OCULAR, RECTAL, VAGINAL, TRANSDERMAL, INTRADERMAL, SUBCUTANEOUS, INTRAVENOUS, AND INTRAMUSCULAR, CONSISTENT WITH THE EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR.

12-37.3-105. Prohibitions.

(1) A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR SHALL 1NOT:

(a) PRESCRIBE, DISPENSE, OR ADMINISTER ANY CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE OR DEVICE IDENTIFIED IN THE FEDERAL CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT“, 21 U.S.C. SEC. 801 ET SEQ., AS AMENDED, EXCEPT AS AUTHORIZED BY THIS ARTICLE;

(b) PERFORM SURGICAL PROCEDURES, INCLUDING PROCEDURES USING A LASER DEVICE OR PROCEDURES INVOLVING THE EYE, EAR, TENDONS, NERVES, VEINS, OR ARTERIES EXTENDING BEYOND SUPERFICIAL TISSUE, EXCEPT THOSE MINOR OFFICE PROCEDURES AUTHORIZED BY THIS ARTICLE;

(c) PRACTICE OR CLAIM TO PRACTICE AS A PHYSICIAN, MEDICAL DOCTOR, OSTEOPATH, DENTIST, PODIATRIST, OPTOMETRIST, PSYCHOLOGIST, ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE, PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT, CHIROPRACTOR, PHYSICAL THERAPIST, ACUPUNCTURIST, OR ANY OTHER HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL NOT AUTHORIZED IN THIS TITLE UNLESS LICENSED BY THE STATE AS SUCH;

(d) USE ANESTHESIA OTHER THAN TOPICAL OR LOCAL ANESTHETICS; (e) A

DMINISTER IONIZING RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES;

(f) PERFORM CHIROPRACTIC ADJUSTMENTS AS DEFINED IN SECTION 12-33-102, MANIPULATION AS REFERENCED IN SECTION 12-33-102, OR PHYSICAL THERAPY AS DEFINED IN SECTION 12-41-103, INCLUDING JOINT MOBILIZATION;

(g) PRACTICE OBSTETRICS; OR

(h) RECOMMEND THE DISCONTINUATION OF A COURSE OF CARE, INCLUDING DISCONTINUATION OF A PRESCRIPTION DRUG, THAT WAS RECOMMENDED BY ANOTHER HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONER REQUIRED TO BE LICENSED PURSUANT TO THIS TITLE WITHOUT NOTIFYING SUCH OTHER PRACTITIONER.

12-37.3-106. Exemptions.

(1) NOTHING IN THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO PROHIBIT OR RESTRICT:

(a) THE PRACTICE OF A PROFESSION BY INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE LICENSED, CERTIFIED, OR REGISTERED UNDER OTHER LAWS OF THIS STATE AND WHO ARE PERFORMING SERVICES WITHIN THEIR AUTHORIZED SCOPE OF PRACTICE;

(b) THE PRACTICE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE BY AN INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYED BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT WHILE THE INDIVIDUAL IS ENGAGED IN THE PERFORMANCE OF DUTIES PRESCRIBED BY THE LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES; (c) T

HE PRACTICE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE BY STUDENTS ENROLLED IN AN APPROVED NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL PROGRAM. THE PERFORMANCE OF SERVICES SHALL BE PURSUANT TO A COURSE OF INSTRUCTION OR ASSIGNMENTS FROM AN INSTRUCTOR AND UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE INSTRUCTOR. THE INSTRUCTOR SHALL BE A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR LICENSED PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE OR A DULY LICENSED OR CERTIFIED PROFESSIONAL IN THE INSTRUCTED FIELD.

(d) ANYONE FROM TREATING HIMSELF OR HERSELF OR THE PERSON‘S FAMILY BASED ON RELIGIOUS OR HEALTH BELIEFS; (e) A

NYONE WHO SELLS VITAMINS AND HERBS FROM PROVIDING INFORMATION ABOUT SUCH PRODUCTS;

(f) ANY PERSON OR PRACTITIONER FROM RECOMMENDING ANY THERAPY THAT IS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF PRACTICE OF NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS AS SPECIFIED IN THIS ARTICLE IF SUCH THERAPY DOES NOT OTHERWISE REQUIRE A LICENSE, CERTIFICATE, OR REGISTRATION OR, IF A LICENSED HEALTH CARE PROVIDER, WITHIN THAT PROVIDER‘S LEGALLY DEFINED SCOPE OF PRACTICE, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, HERBAL MEDICINE, HOMEOPATHY, NUTRITION, OR OTHER THERAPY;

(g) A PERSON OR PRACTITIONER FROM USING, GIVING, PROVIDING, SELLING, OR ADVISING IN THE USE OF A PRODUCT THAT IS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE PRACTICE OF NATUROPATHY AS SPECIFIED IN THIS ARTICLE IF SUCH PERSON IS NOT USING A TITLE PROTECTED PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE OR HOLDING HIMSELF OR HERSELF OUT TO BE A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, GENERAL NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION OR OTHER NONMEDICAL THERAPEUTICS, DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS, OR HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES; OR 

(h) THE PRACTICE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE BY A PERSON WHO IS LICENSED OR CERTIFIED TO PRACTICE IN ANY OTHER STATE OR DISTRICT IN THE UNITED STATES AS A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR AND WHO ENTERS THIS STATE ON AN OCCASIONAL BASIS TO CONSULT WITH A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR OF THIS STATE; EXCEPT THAT THE CONSULTATION SHALL BE LIMITED TO EXAMINATION, RECOMMENDATION, OR TESTIMONY IN LITIGATION.

12-37.3-107. Advisory committee of naturopathic medicine.

THE DIRECTOR SHALL APPOINT AN ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE TO MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE, WHICH COMMITTEE SHALL SERVE AT THE REQUEST AND PLEASURE OF THE DIRECTOR. THE MAJORITY OF THE MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL BE NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS. THE DIRECTOR MAY APPOINT TO THE COMMITTEE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PUBLIC WHO HAVE NO PECUNIARY INTEREST IN THE PRACTICE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE. MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE SHALL RECEIVE NO COMPENSATION BUT SHALL BE REIMBURSED FOR ACTUAL AND NECESSARY EXPENSES INCURRED IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THEIR DUTIES UNDER THIS ARTICLE.

12-37.3-108. Powers and duties of the director – rules.

(1) THE DIRECTOR SHALL:

(a) PROMULGATE ALL RULES AND CONDUCT ALL HEARINGS REQUIRED BY THIS ARTICLE;

(b) DESIGNATE THE APPLICATION FORM TO BE USED BY APPLICANTS AND PROCESS ALL APPLICATIONS;

(c) ISSUE LICENSES, AND RENEWALS THEREOF, TO ALL PERSONS WHO MEET THE QUALIFICATIONS FOR LICENSURE AS DESCRIBED IN SECTION 12-37.3-103;

(d) INVESTIGATE COMPLAINTS; (e) D

ETERMINE WHETHER A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR SHOULD BE THE SUBJECT OF A DISCIPLINARY HEARING;

(f) DESIGNATE AND IMPOSE SANCTIONS AND PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION OF THIS ARTICLE OR THE RULES PROMULGATED PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE; AND

(g) PERFORM ANY ADMINISTRATIVE, NONDISCIPLINARY, AND NONRULE-MAKING FUNCTIONS AS PROVIDED BY THIS ARTICLE.

12-37.3-109. Naturopathic formulary council – creation – director – rules.

(1) (a) THERE IS HEREBY ESTABLISHED A NATUROPATHIC FORMULARY COUNCIL, WHICH SHALL CONSIST OF THE DIRECTOR AND SIX MEMBERS APPOINTED BY THE DIRECTOR AS FOLLOWS:

(I) TWO MEMBERS SHALL BE NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS. (II) T

WO MEMBERS SHALL BE PHARMACISTS LICENSED UNDER PART 1 OF ARTICLE 22 OF THIS TITLE.

(III) TWO MEMBERS SHALL BE PHYSICIANS LICENSED UNDER PART 1 OF ARTICLE 36 OF THIS TITLE. (b) M

EMBERS OF THE COUNCIL SHALL SERVE THREE-YEAR TERMS; EXCEPT THAT, OF THE INITIAL APPOINTMENTS, ONE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR, ONE PHYSICIAN, AND ONE PHARMACIST SHALL SERVE TWO-YEAR TERMS. IF A VACANCY OCCURS, THE DIRECTOR SHALL APPOINT A QUALIFIED REPLACEMENT TO SERVE THE REMAINDER OF THE TERM.

(2) THE NATUROPATHIC FORMULARY COUNCIL SHALL RECOMMEND TO THE DIRECTOR A NATUROPATHIC FORMULARY FOR USE BY NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS. THE DIRECTOR SHALL ADOPT OR REVISE THE NATUROPATHIC FORMULARY BY RULE.

(3) THE NATUROPATHIC FORMULARY COUNCIL SHALL REVIEW THE NATUROPATHIC FORMULARY ANNUALLY OR UPON REQUEST OF THE DIRECTOR.

(4) THE NATUROPATHIC FORMULARY MAY NOT GO BEYOND THE SCOPE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE SET FORTH IN SECTION 12-37.3-104. (5) T

HE NATUROPATHIC FORMULARY SHALL NOT INCLUDE MEDICINES OR DEVICES THAT ARE INCONSISTENT WITH THE TRAINING PROVIDED BY APPROVED NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL PROGRAMS.

(6) NOTHING IN THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE CONSTRUED TO ALLOW A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR TO DISPENSE, ADMINISTER, OR PRESCRIBE ANY DRUG OR DEVICE UNLESS SUCH DRUG OR DEVICE IS SPECIFICALLY INCLUDED IN THE NATUROPATHIC FORMULARY. (this is not clear language for me.  Can they, or can they not despense pharmacuidical drugs?)

12-37.3-110. Disciplinary actions – definitions.

(1) THE DIRECTOR MAY REVOKE, SUSPEND, DENY, OR REFUSE TO RENEW A LICENSE, PLACE A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR ON PROBATION, OR ISSUE A CEASE-AND-DESIST ORDER OR LETTER OF ADMONITION TO A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR OR APPLICANT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS SECTION UPON PROOF THAT THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR OR APPLICANT:

(a) HAS COMMITTED AN ACT THAT DOES NOT MEET GENERALLY ACCEPTED STANDARDS OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL PRACTICE OR HAS FAILED TO PERFORM AN ACT NECESSARY TO MEET GENERALLY ACCEPTED STANDARDS OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL PRACTICE;

(b) HAS ENGAGED IN A SEXUAL ACT WITH A PERSON RECEIVING SERVICES WHILE A THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP EXISTED OR DURING THE SIX-MONTH PERIOD IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE TERMINATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP. FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS PARAGRAPH (b):

(I) “SEXUAL ACT” MEANS SEXUAL CONTACT, SEXUAL INTRUSION, OR SEXUAL PENETRATION, AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN SECTION 18-3-401, C.R.S.

(II) “THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP” MEANS THE PERIOD BEGINNING WITH THE INITIAL EVALUATION AND ENDING UPON THE WRITTEN TERMINATION OF TREATMENT. (c) H

AS FAILED TO PROVIDE A REFERRAL TO ANOTHER NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR OR TO OTHER APPROPRIATE HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONERS WHEN PROVIDING THE REFERRAL IS NECESSARY TO MEET GENERALLY ACCEPTED STANDARDS OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL PRACTICE;

(d) HAS FAILED TO REFER A PERSON TO AN APPROPRIATE LICENSED HEALTH CARE PROVIDER WHEN THE SERVICES REQUIRED ARE BEYOND THE SCOPE OF PRACTICE OR LEVEL OF COMPETENCE OF THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR;

(e) HAS FAILED TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE OR PROPER SUPERVISION TO STUDENT NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS ACTING UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR;

(f) HAS FAILED TO KEEP APPROPRIATE RECORDS OR HAS FALSIFIED OR MADE INCORRECT ENTRIES OF AN ESSENTIAL NATURE ON SUCH RECORDS; (g) H

AS FALSIFIED INFORMATION IN AN APPLICATION OR HAS ATTEMPTED TO OBTAIN OR HAS OBTAINED A LICENSE BY FRAUD, DECEPTION, OR MISREPRESENTATION;

(h) IS AN EXCESSIVE OR HABITUAL USER OR ABUSER OF ALCOHOL OR HABIT-FORMING DRUGS OR IS A HABITUAL USER OF A CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE, AS DEFINED IN SECTION 18-18-102, C.R.S., OR OTHER DRUGS HAVING SIMILAR EFFECTS; EXCEPT THAT THE DIRECTOR HAS THE DISCRETION NOT TO DISCIPLINE THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR IF HE OR SHE IS PARTICIPATING IN GOOD FAITH IN A PROGRAM THAT THE DIRECTOR HAS APPROVED TO END SUCH USE OR ABUSE; (i) H

AS A PHYSICAL OR MENTAL CONDITION OR DISABILITY THAT RENDERS THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR UNABLE TO PROVIDE NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL SERVICES WITH REASONABLE SKILL AND SAFETY OR THAT MAY ENDANGER THE HEALTH OR SAFETY OF INDIVIDUALS RECEIVING SERVICES;

(j) HAS FAILED TO NOTIFY THE DIRECTOR, IN WRITING, OF THE ENTRY OF A FINAL JUDGMENT BY A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION IN FAVOR OF ANY PARTY AND AGAINST THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR FOR MALPRACTICE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE OR ANY SETTLEMENT BY THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR IN RESPONSE TO CHARGES OR ALLEGATIONS OF MALPRACTICE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE. THE NOTICE SHALL BE GIVEN WITHIN NINETY DAYS AFTER THE ENTRY OF THE JUDGMENT OR SETTLEMENT AND, IN THE CASE OF A JUDGMENT, SHALL CONTAIN THE NAME OF THE COURT, THE CASE NUMBER, AND THE NAMES OF ALL PARTIES TO THE ACTION.

(k) HAS VIOLATED THIS ARTICLE OR AIDED OR ABETTED OR KNOWINGLY PERMITTED ANY PERSON TO VIOLATE THIS ARTICLE, A RULE ADOPTED UNDER THIS ARTICLE, OR ANY LAWFUL ORDER OF THE DIRECTOR;

(l) HAS BEEN DISCIPLINED IN ANY WAY BY A NATIONAL CERTIFYING AGENCY OR BY A REGULATORY AGENCY OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION;

(m) HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF OR PLED GUILTY OR NOLO CONTENDERE TO A FELONY OR ANY CRIME DEFINED IN TITLE 18, C.R.S., THAT RELATES TO THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR‘S EMPLOYMENT AS A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR. A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE JUDGMENT OF A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION OF THE CONVICTION OR PLEA SHALL BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF THE CONVICTION OR PLEA. IN CONSIDERING THE DISCIPLINARY ACTION, THE DIRECTOR SHALL BE GOVERNED BY SECTION 24-5-101, C.R.S.

(n) HAS FRAUDULENTLY OBTAINED, FURNISHED, OR SOLD ANY NATUROPATHIC MEDICAL DIPLOMA, LICENSE, CERTIFICATE, RENEWAL OF A LICENSE OR CERTIFICATE, OR RECORD OR AIDED OR ABETTED SUCH ACT; (o) H

AS ADVERTISED, REPRESENTED, OR HELD HIMSELF OR HERSELF OUT, IN ANY MANNER, AS BEING A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR OR BEING STATE- OR COLORADO-LICENSED OR HAS PRACTICED NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE UNLESS LICENSED OR EXEMPT UNDER THIS ARTICLE;

(p) HAS PRACTICED NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE DURING THE TIME THE PERSON‘S LICENSE WAS EXPIRED, SUSPENDED, OR REVOKED;

(q) HAS KNOWINGLY EMPLOYED A PERSON AS A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR WHEN THE PERSON WAS NOT LICENSED UNDER THIS ARTICLE;

(r) HAS PRACTICED NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE WITHOUT A LICENSE;

(s) HAS FAILED TO NOTIFY THE DIRECTOR OF THE SUSPENSION, PROBATION, OR REVOCATION OF THE PERSON‘S PAST OR CURRENTLY HELD LICENSE, CERTIFICATE, OR REGISTRATION REQUIRED TO PRACTICE NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE IN THIS OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION;

(t) HAS REFUSED TO SUBMIT TO A PHYSICAL OR MENTAL EXAMINATION WHEN SO ORDERED BY THE DIRECTOR;

(u) HAS FAILED TO CONFINE HIS OR HER PRACTICE TO THE TYPES OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE FOR WHICH HE OR SHE WAS TRAINED AND EDUCATED; OR

(v) HAS BEEN DISCIPLINED IN ANOTHER STATE, TERRITORY, OR COUNTRY. THIS PARAGRAPH (v) SHALL APPLY ONLY TO DISCIPLINE THAT IS BASED UPON AN ACT OR OMISSION IN SUCH OTHER STATE, TERRITORY, OR COUNTRY THAT IS SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME AS CONDUCT SPECIFIED IN THIS SUBSECTION (1).

(2) EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION, THE DIRECTOR NEED NOT FIND THAT THE ACTIONS THAT ARE GROUNDS FOR DISCIPLINE WERE WILLFUL BUT MAY CONSIDER WHETHER SUCH ACTIONS WERE WILLFUL WHEN DETERMINING THE NATURE OF DISCIPLINARY SANCTIONS TO BE IMPOSED.(3) T

HE DIRECTOR MAY COMMENCE A PROCEEDING TO DISCIPLINE A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR WHEN THE DIRECTOR HAS REASONABLE GROUNDS TO BELIEVE THAT THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR HAS COMMITTED AN ACT ENUMERATED IN THIS SECTION.

(4) DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS SHALL BE CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 4 OF TITLE 24, C.R.S., AND THE HEARING AND OPPORTUNITY FOR REVIEW SHALL BE CONDUCTED PURSUANT TO THAT ARTICLE BY THE DIRECTOR OR BY AN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE, AT THE DIRECTOR‘S DISCRETION. THE DIRECTOR HAS THE AUTHORITY TO EXERCISE ALL POWERS AND DUTIES CONFERRED BY THIS ARTICLE DURING THE DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS.

(5) (a) THE DIRECTOR MAY REQUEST THE ATTORNEY GENERAL TO SEEK AN INJUNCTION, IN ANY COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION, TO ENJOIN A PERSON FROM COMMITTING AN ACT PROHIBITED BY THIS ARTICLE. WHEN SEEKING AN INJUNCTION UNDER THIS PARAGRAPH (a), THE ATTORNEY GENERAL SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED TO ALLEGE OR PROVE THE INADEQUACY OF ANY REMEDY AT LAW OR THAT SUBSTANTIAL OR IRREPARABLE DAMAGE IS LIKELY TO RESULT FROM A CONTINUED VIOLATION OF THIS ARTICLE.

(b) (I) IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 4 OF TITLE 24, C.R.S., AND THIS ARTICLE, THE DIRECTOR IS AUTHORIZED TO INVESTIGATE, HOLD HEARINGS, AND GATHER EVIDENCE IN ALL MATTERS RELATED TO THE EXERCISE AND PERFORMANCE OF THE POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE DIRECTOR.

(II) IN ORDER TO AID THE DIRECTOR IN ANY HEARING OR INVESTIGATION INSTITUTED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION, THE DIRECTOR OR AN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE APPOINTED PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (c) OF THIS SUBSECTION (5) IS AUTHORIZED TO ADMINISTER OATHS, TAKE AFFIRMATIONS OF WITNESSES, AND ISSUE SUBPOENAS COMPELLING THE ATTENDANCE OF WITNESSES AND THE PRODUCTION OF THE ORIGINALS OR COPIES OF ALL RECORDS, PAPERS, BOOKS, DOCUMENTS, AND MATERIALS OF THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR OR ANOTHER PERSON CONTAINING INFORMATION RELEVANT TO THE HEARING OR INVESTIGATION.

(III) UPON FAILURE OF ANY WITNESS OR NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR TO COMPLY WITH A SUBPOENA OR PROCESS, THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE COUNTY IN WHICH THE SUBPOENAED PERSON OR NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR RESIDES OR CONDUCTS BUSINESS, UPON APPLICATION BY THE DIRECTOR WITH NOTICE TO THE SUBPOENAED PERSON OR NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR, MAY ISSUE TO THE PERSON OR NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR AN ORDER REQUIRING THAT PERSON OR NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR TO APPEAR BEFORE THE DIRECTOR; TO PRODUCE THE RELEVANT PAPERS, BOOKS, RECORDS, DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE, OR MATERIALS IF SO ORDERED; OR TO GIVE EVIDENCE TOUCHING THE MATTER UNDER INVESTIGATION OR IN QUESTION. IF THE PERSON OR NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR FAILS TO OBEY THE ORDER OF THE COURT, THE PERSON OR NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR MAY BE HELD IN CONTEMPT OF COURT.

(c) THE DIRECTOR MAY APPOINT AN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE PURSUANT TO PART 10 OF ARTICLE 30 OF TITLE 24, C.R.S., TO CONDUCT HEARINGS, TAKE EVIDENCE, MAKE FINDINGS, AND REPORT SUCH FINDINGS TO THE DIRECTOR. (6) I

F THE DIRECTOR FINDS THE CHARGES PROVED AND ORDERS THAT DISCIPLINE BE IMPOSED, THE DIRECTOR MAY REQUIRE, AS A CONDITION OF LICENSURE, THAT THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR TAKE SUCH THERAPY OR COURSES OF TRAINING OR EDUCATION AS MAY BE NEEDED TO CORRECT ANY DEFICIENCY FOUND AS A CONDITION FOR CONTINUING OR REINSTATING LICENSURE PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE. UPON THE FAILURE OF THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR TO COMPLY WITH ANY CONDITIONS IMPOSED BY THE DIRECTOR PURSUANT TO THIS SUBSECTION (6), UNLESS DUE TO CONDITIONS BEYOND THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR‘S CONTROL, THE DIRECTOR MAY ORDER SUSPENSION OF THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR‘S LICENSE UNTIL SUCH TIME AS THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR COMPLIES WITH SUCH CONDITIONS.

(7) (a) THE DIRECTOR, THE DIRECTOR‘S STAFF, ANY PERSON ACTING AS A WITNESS OR CONSULTANT TO THE DIRECTOR, ANY WITNESS TESTIFYING IN A PROCEEDING AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS ARTICLE, AND ANY PERSON WHO LODGES A COMPLAINT PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE IMMUNE FROM LIABILITY IN ANY CIVIL ACTION BROUGHT AGAINST HIM OR HER FOR ACTS OCCURRING WHILE ACTING IN HIS OR HER CAPACITY AS DIRECTOR, STAFF, CONSULTANT, OR WITNESS, RESPECTIVELY, IF SUCH INDIVIDUAL WAS ACTING IN GOOD FAITH WITHIN THE SCOPE OF HIS OR HER RESPECTIVE CAPACITY, MADE A REASONABLE EFFORT TO OBTAIN THE FACTS OF THE MATTER AS TO WHICH HE OR SHE ACTED, AND ACTED IN THE REASONABLE BELIEF THAT THE ACTION TAKEN BY HIM OR HER WAS WARRANTED BY THE FACTS. (b) A

PERSON PARTICIPATING IN GOOD FAITH IN MAKING A COMPLAINT OR REPORT OR IN AN INVESTIGATIVE OR ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDING PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE IMMUNE FROM ANY CIVIL OR CRIMINAL LIABILITY THAT OTHERWISE MIGHT RESULT BY REASON OF THE PARTICIPATION.

(8) A FINAL ACTION OF THE DIRECTOR IS SUBJECT TO JUDICIAL REVIEW BY THE COURT OF APPEALS PURSUANT TO SECTION 24-4-106 (11), C.R.S. A JUDICIAL PROCEEDING TO ENFORCE AN ORDER OF THE DIRECTOR MAY BE INSTITUTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 24-4-106, C.R.S.

(9) AN EMPLOYER OF A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR SHALL REPORT TO THE DIRECTOR ANY DISCIPLINARY ACTION TAKEN AGAINST THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR OR THE RESIGNATION OF THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR IN LIEU OF DISCIPLINARY ACTION FOR CONDUCT THAT VIOLATES THIS ARTICLE.

(10) (a) WHEN A COMPLAINT OR INVESTIGATION DISCLOSES AN INSTANCE OF MISCONDUCT THAT, IN THE OPINION OF THE DIRECTOR, DOES NOT WARRANT FORMAL ACTION BY THE DIRECTOR BUT THAT SHOULD NOT BE DISMISSED AS BEING WITHOUT MERIT, THE DIRECTOR MAY ISSUE A LETTER OF ADMONITION TO THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR BY CERTIFIED MAIL. (b) W

HEN THE DIRECTOR SENDS A LETTER OF ADMONITION TO A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR, THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR SHALL BE ADVISED THAT HE OR SHE HAS THE RIGHT TO REQUEST THAT FORMAL DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS BE INITIATED TO ADJUDICATE THE PROPRIETY OF THE CONDUCT UPON WHICH THE LETTER OF ADMONITION IS BASED. THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR SHALL MAKE THE REQUEST IN WRITING WITHIN TWENTY DAYS AFTER RECEIPT OF THE LETTER.

(c) IF THE REQUEST FOR ADJUDICATION IS TIMELY MADE, THE LETTER OF ADMONITION SHALL BE DEEMED VACATED AND THE MATTER SHALL BE PROCESSED BY MEANS OF FORMAL DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS.

(11) WHEN A COMPLAINT OR INVESTIGATION DISCLOSES AN INSTANCE OF CONDUCT THAT DOES NOT WARRANT FORMAL ACTION BY THE DIRECTOR AND, IN THE OPINION OF THE DIRECTOR, THE COMPLAINT SHOULD BE DISMISSED, BUT THE DIRECTOR HAS NOTICED INDICATIONS OF POSSIBLE ERRANT CONDUCT BY THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR THAT COULD LEAD TO SERIOUS CONSEQUENCES IF NOT CORRECTED, THE DIRECTOR MAY ISSUE A CONFIDENTIAL LETTER OF CONCERN TO THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR. (12) WHEN A COMPLAINT OR AN INVESTIGATION DISCLOSES AN INSTANCE OF MISCONDUCT THAT, IN THE OPINION OF THE DIRECTOR, WARRANTS FORMAL ACTIONTHE COMPLAINT SHALL NOT BE RESOLVED BY A DEFERRED SETTLEMENT, ACTION, JUDGMENT, OR PROSECUTION.

(13) (a) IF IT APPEARS TO THE DIRECTOR, BASED UPON CREDIBLE EVIDENCE AS PRESENTED IN A WRITTEN COMPLAINT BY ANY PERSON, THAT A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR IS ACTING IN A MANNER THAT CAUSES OR CONSTITUTES AN IMMINENT THREAT TO THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF THE PUBLIC, OR A PERSON IS ACTING OR HAS ACTED WITHOUT THE REQUIRED LICENSE, THE DIRECTOR MAY ISSUE AN ORDER TO CEASE AND DESIST SUCH ACTIVITY. THE ORDER SHALL SET FORTH THE STATUTES AND RULES ALLEGED TO HAVE BEEN VIOLATED, THE FACTS ALLEGED TO HAVE CONSTITUTED THE VIOLATION, AND THE REQUIREMENT THAT ALL UNLAWFUL ACTS OR UNLICENSED PRACTICES IMMEDIATELY CEASE.  

(b) WITHIN TEN DAYS AFTER SERVICE OF THE ORDER TO CEASE AND DESIST PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (a) OF THIS SUBSECTION (13), THE RESPONDENT MAY REQUEST A HEARING ON THE QUESTION OF WHETHER ACTS OR PRACTICES IN VIOLATION OF THIS ARTICLE HAVE OCCURRED. THE HEARING SHALL BE CONDUCTED PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 24-4-104 AND 24-4-105, C.R.S. (14) (a) I

F IT APPEARS TO THE DIRECTOR, BASED UPON CREDIBLE EVIDENCE AS PRESENTED IN A WRITTEN COMPLAINT BY ANY PERSON, THAT A PERSON HAS VIOLATED ANY OTHER PORTION OF THIS ARTICLE, IN ADDITION TO ANY SPECIFIC POWERS GRANTED PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE, THE DIRECTOR MAY ISSUE TO THE PERSON AN ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE AS TO WHY THE DIRECTOR SHOULD NOT ISSUE A FINAL ORDER DIRECTING THE PERSON TO CEASE AND DESIST FROM THE UNLAWFUL ACT OR UNLICENSED PRACTICE.

(b) A PERSON AGAINST WHOM AN ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE HAS BEEN ISSUED PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (a) OF THIS SUBSECTION (14) SHALL BE NOTIFIED PROMPTLY BY THE DIRECTOR OF THE ISSUANCE OF THE ORDER, ALONG WITH A COPY OF THE ORDER, THE FACTUAL AND LEGAL BASIS FOR THE ORDER, AND THE DATE SET BY THE DIRECTOR FOR A HEARING ON THE ORDER. THE NOTICE MAY BE SERVED ON THE PERSON AGAINST WHOM THE ORDER HAS BEEN ISSUED BY PERSONAL SERVICE, BY FIRST-CLASS, POSTAGE PREPAID UNITED STATES MAIL, OR IN ANOTHER MANNER AS MAY BE PRACTICABLE. PERSONAL SERVICE OR MAILING OF AN ORDER OR DOCUMENT PURSUANT TO THIS PARAGRAPH (b) SHALL CONSTITUTE NOTICE OF THE ORDER TO THE PERSON. (c) (I) T

HE HEARING ON AN ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE SHALL BE HELD NO SOONER THAN TEN AND NO LATER THAN FORTY-FIVE CALENDAR DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF TRANSMISSION OR SERVICE OF THE NOTIFICATION BY THE DIRECTOR AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH (b) OF THIS SUBSECTION (14). THE HEARING MAY BE CONTINUED BY AGREEMENT OF ALL PARTIES BASED UPON THE COMPLEXITY OF THE MATTER, NUMBER OF PARTIES TO THE MATTER, AND LEGAL ISSUES PRESENTED IN THE MATTER, BUT IN NO EVENT SHALL THE HEARING BE HELD LATER THAN SIXTY CALENDAR DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF TRANSMISSION OR SERVICE OF THE NOTIFICATION.

(II) IF A PERSON AGAINST WHOM AN ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE HAS BEEN ISSUED PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (a) OF THIS SUBSECTION (14) DOES NOT APPEAR AT THE HEARING, THE DIRECTOR MAY PRESENT EVIDENCE THAT NOTIFICATION WAS PROPERLY SENT OR SERVED ON THE PERSON PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (b) OF THIS SUBSECTION (14) AND SUCH OTHER EVIDENCE RELATED TO THE MATTER AS THE DIRECTOR DEEMS APPROPRIATE. SUCH HEARING SHALL BE CONDUCTED PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 24-4-104 AND 24-4-105, C.R.S. THE DIRECTOR SHALL ISSUE THE ORDER WITHIN TEN DAYS AFTER THE DIRECTOR‘S DETERMINATION RELATED TO REASONABLE ATTEMPTS TO NOTIFY THE RESPONDENT, AND THE ORDER SHALL BECOME FINAL AS TO THAT PERSON BY OPERATION OF LAW. (III) I

F THE DIRECTOR REASONABLY FINDS THAT THE PERSON AGAINST WHOM THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE WAS ISSUED IS ACTING OR HAS ACTED WITHOUT THE REQUIRED LICENSE, OR HAS OR IS ABOUT TO ENGAGE IN ACTS OR PRACTICES CONSTITUTING VIOLATIONS OF THIS ARTICLE, A FINAL CEASE-AND-DESIST ORDER MAY BE ISSUED, DIRECTING THE PERSON TO CEASE AND DESIST FROM FURTHER UNLAWFUL ACTS OR UNLICENSED PRACTICES.

(IV) THE DIRECTOR SHALL PROVIDE NOTICE, IN THE MANNER SET FORTH IN PARAGRAPH (b) OF THIS SUBSECTION (14), OF THE FINAL CEASE-AND-DESIST ORDER WITHIN TEN CALENDAR DAYS AFTER THE HEARING CONDUCTED PURSUANT TO THIS PARAGRAPH (c) TO EACH PERSON AGAINST WHOM THE FINAL ORDER HAS BEEN ISSUED. THE FINAL ORDER ISSUED PURSUANT TO SUBPARAGRAPH (III) OF THIS PARAGRAPH (c) SHALL BE EFFECTIVE WHEN ISSUED AND SHALL BE A FINAL ORDER FOR PURPOSES OF JUDICIAL REVIEW. (15) I

F IT APPEARS TO THE DIRECTOR, BASED UPON CREDIBLE EVIDENCE PRESENTED TO THE DIRECTOR, THAT A PERSON HAS ENGAGED OR IS ABOUT TO ENGAGE IN AN UNLICENSED ACT OR PRACTICE; AN ACT OR PRACTICE CONSTITUTING A VIOLATION OF THIS ARTICLE, A RULE PROMULGATED PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE, OR AN ORDER ISSUED PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE; OR AN ACT OR PRACTICE CONSTITUTING GROUNDS FOR ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTION PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE, THE DIRECTOR MAY ENTER INTO A STIPULATION WITH THE PERSON.

(16) IF ANY PERSON FAILS TO COMPLY WITH A FINAL CEASE-AND-DESIST ORDER OR A STIPULATION, THE DIRECTOR MAY REQUEST THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OR THE DISTRICT ATTORNEY FOR THE JUDICIAL DISTRICT IN WHICH THE ALLEGED VIOLATION EXISTS TO BRING, AND IF SO REQUESTED SUCH ATTORNEY SHALL BRING, SUIT FOR A TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER AND FOR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF TO PREVENT ANY FURTHER OR CONTINUED VIOLATION OF THE FINAL ORDER. (17) A

PERSON AGGRIEVED BY THE FINAL CEASE-AND-DESIST ORDER MAY SEEK JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THE DIRECTOR‘S DETERMINATION OR OF THE DIRECTOR‘S FINAL ORDER AS PROVIDED IN SUBSECTION (8) OF THIS SECTION.

(18) NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS SHALL OBSERVE AND BE SUBJECT TO ALL APPLICABLE LAWS WITH REGARD TO THE CONTROL OF CONTAGIOUS AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES, THE REPORTING OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS, AND ANY OTHER MATTERS PERTAINING TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH.

12-37.3-111. Mental and physical examination of naturopathic doctors.

(1) IF THE DIRECTOR HAS REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE THAT A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR IS UNABLE TO PRACTICE WITH REASONABLE SKILL AND SAFETY, THE DIRECTOR MAY ORDER THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR TO TAKE A MENTAL OR PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ADMINISTERED BY A PHYSICIAN OR OTHER LICENSED HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATED BY THE DIRECTOR. IF THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR REFUSES TO UNDERGO A MENTAL OR PHYSICAL EXAMINATION, THE DIRECTOR MAY SUSPEND THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR‘S LICENSE UNTIL THE DIRECTOR HAS MADE A DETERMINATION OF THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR‘S FITNESS TO PRACTICE. THE DIRECTOR SHALL PROCEED WITH AN ORDER FOR EXAMINATION AND SHALL MAKE HIS OR HER DETERMINATION IN A TIMELY MANNER.

(2) AN ORDER REQUIRING A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR TO UNDERGO A MENTAL OR PHYSICAL EXAMINATION SHALL CONTAIN THE BASIS OF THE DIRECTOR‘S REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE THAT THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR IS UNABLE TO PRACTICE WITH REASONABLE SKILL AND SAFETY. FOR PURPOSES OF A DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDING AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS ARTICLE, THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE WAIVED ALL OBJECTIONS TO THE ADMISSIBILITY OF THE EXAMINING PHYSICIAN‘S OR OTHER LICENSED HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL‘S TESTIMONY OR EXAMINATION REPORTS ON THE GROUND THAT THEY ARE PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATIONS.

(3) THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR MAY SUBMIT TO THE DIRECTOR TESTIMONY OR EXAMINATION REPORTS FROM A PHYSICIAN OR OTHER LICENSED HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL CHOSEN BY THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR AND PERTAINING TO ANY CONDITION THAT THE DIRECTOR HAS ALLEGED MAY PRECLUDE THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR FROM PRACTICING WITH REASONABLE SKILL AND SAFETY. THE TESTIMONY AND REPORTS SUBMITTED BY THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR MAY BE CONSIDERED BY THE DIRECTOR IN CONJUNCTION WITH, BUT NOT IN LIEU OF, TESTIMONY AND EXAMINATION REPORTS OF THE PHYSICIAN OR OTHER LICENSED HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATED BY THE DIRECTOR.

(4) THE RESULTS OF A MENTAL OR PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ORDERED BY THE DIRECTOR SHALL NOT BE USED AS EVIDENCE IN ANY PROCEEDING OTHER THAN ONE BEFORE THE DIRECTOR AND SHALL NOT BE DEEMED A PUBLIC RECORD OR MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC.

12-37.3-112. Professional liability insurance required -vicarious liability.

(1) IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO PRACTICE NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE IN THIS STATE UNLESS THE PERSON IS COVERED BY A PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY INSURANCE POLICY OR THE EQUIVALENT IN AN AMOUNT NOT LESS THAN ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS PER CLAIM WITH AN AGGREGATE LIABILITY LIMIT FOR ALL CLAIMS DURING THE YEAR OF AT LEAST THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS. THE PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY INSURANCE REQUIRED BY THIS SECTION SHALL COVER ALL ACTS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE PRACTICE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE.

(2) A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR HIS OR HER ACTS OR OMISSIONS IN THE PERFORMANCE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE, AND NO LICENSED PHYSICIAN, NURSE, PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY MEDICAL PERSONNEL, OR HEALTH CARE INSTITUTION SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY ACT OR OMISSION RESULTING FROM THE PERFORMANCE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE BY ANY NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR. THIS SUBSECTION (2) SHALL NOT RELIEVE ANY PHYSICIAN, NURSE, PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY PERSONNEL, OR HEALTH CARE INSTITUTION FROM LIABILITY FOR ANY WILLFUL AND WANTON ACT OR OMISSION OR ANY ACT OR OMISSION CONSTITUTING GROSS NEGLIGENCE, OR IF A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR HAS A BUSINESS OR SUPERVISED RELATIONSHIP WITH ANY SUCH PHYSICIAN, NURSE, PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY PERSONNEL, OR HEALTH CARE INSTITUTION. A PHYSICIAN, A NURSE, PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY PERSONNEL, OR A HEALTH CARE INSTITUTION MAY PROVIDE CONSULTATION OR EDUCATION TO THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR WITHOUT ESTABLISHING A BUSINESS OR SUPERVISORY RELATIONSHIP.

12-37.3-113. Complaints – investigation.

(1) ANY PERSON MAY REPORT TO THE DIRECTOR IN WRITING ANY INFORMATION THE PERSON HAS REASON TO BELIEVE INDICATES THAT A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR IS OR MAY BE MEDICALLY OR LEGALLY INCOMPETENT, ENGAGED IN THE UNAUTHORIZED PRACTICE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE, GUILTY OF UNPROFESSIONAL CONDUCT, OR MENTALLY OR PHYSICALLY UNABLE TO ENGAGE SAFELY IN THE PRACTICE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE.

(2) A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR SHALL REPORT TO THE DIRECTOR IN WRITING ANY INFORMATION THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR HAS REASON TO BELIEVE INDICATES THAT A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR IS OR MAY BE MEDICALLY OR LEGALLY INCOMPETENT, ENGAGED IN THE UNAUTHORIZED PRACTICE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE, GUILTY OF UNPROFESSIONAL CONDUCT, OR MENTALLY OR PHYSICALLY UNABLE TO ENGAGE SAFELY IN THE PRACTICE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE, WITHIN THIRTY DAYS AFTER BECOMING AWARE OF SUCH INFORMATION.

(3) A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR‘S VOLUNTARY RESIGNATION FROM THE STAFF OF A HEALTH CARE INSTITUTION, VOLUNTARY LIMITATION OF STAFF PRIVILEGES, OR FAILURE TO REAPPLY FOR HOSPITAL PRIVILEGES AT SUCH AN INSTITUTION SHALL BE PROMPTLY REPORTED TO THE DIRECTOR BY THE INSTITUTION AND THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR IF THAT ACTION OCCURS WHILE THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR IS UNDER FORMAL OR INFORMAL INVESTIGATION BY THE INSTITUTION OR A COMMITTEE THEREOF FOR ANY REASON RELATED TO POSSIBLE MEDICAL INCOMPETENCE, UNPROFESSIONAL CONDUCT, OR MENTAL OR PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENT.

(4) UPON RECEIVING A CREDIBLE COMPLAINT OR REPORT CONCERNING A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR OR ON HIS OR HER OWN MOTION, THE DIRECTOR MAY INVESTIGATE ANY EVIDENCE THAT APPEARS TO SHOW THAT A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR IS COMMITTING OR HAS COMMITTED ANY ACT THAT WOULD CONSTITUTE GROUNDS FOR DISCIPLINARY ACTION PURSUANT TO SECTION 12-37.3-110.

12-37.3-114. Disclosures – record-keeping.

(1) A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR SHALL PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IN WRITING TO EACH PATIENT: THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR‘S NAME, BUSINESS ADDRESS, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER; THE NATURE OF THE SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED; THE SCOPE OF PRACTICE FOR NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS; A STATEMENT THAT NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS MAY NOT PRACTICE MEDICINE AS DEFINED IN THE “COLORADO MEDICAL PRACTICE ACT“, (Then why call them Naturopathic Medical Doctors?) ARTICLE 36 OF THIS TITLE; HOW TO FILE A COMPLAINT AGAINST A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR; AND ANY DEGREES, TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, CREDENTIALS, OR OTHER QUALIFICATIONS OF THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR, INCLUDING WHETHER OR NOT SUCH DEGREES WERE AWARDED BY INSTITUTIONS ACCREDITED BY A REGIONAL OR PROFESSIONAL

ACCREDITING AGENCY RECOGNIZED BY THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OR THE COUNCIL ON POSTSECONDARY ACCREDITATION, OR A SUCCESSOR AGENCY, OR RECOGNIZED AS A CANDIDATE FOR ACCREDITATION BY SUCH AN AGENCY.

(2) A NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR SHALL OBTAIN A WRITTEN ACKNOWLEDGMENT FROM THE PATIENT STATING THAT THE PATIENT HAS BEEN PROVIDED THE INFORMATION DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION. THE NATUROPATHIC DOCTOR SHALL MAINTAIN THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT FOR FIVE YEARS AFTER THE LAST SERVICES PROVIDED TO THE PATIENT.

12-37.3-115. Repeal of article.

THIS ARTICLE IS REPEALED, EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2012. PRIOR TO SUCH REPEAL, THE LICENSURE OF NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS, THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE, AND THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE AND THE NATUROPATHIC FORMULARY COUNCIL SHALL BE REVIEWED AS PROVIDED FOR IN SECTIONS 2-3-1203 AND 24-34-104, C.R.S.

SECTION 2. 13-4-102

(2), Colorado Revised Statutes, is amended BY THE ADDITION OF A NEW PARAGRAPH to read:

13-4-102. Jurisdiction.

(2) The court of appeals shall have initial jurisdiction to:

(kk) REVIEW ALL FINAL ACTIONS AND ORDERS APPROPRIATE FOR JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF REGISTRATIONS AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 12-37.3-110 (8), C.R.S.

SECTION 3.

24-34-104 (43), Colorado Revised Statutes, is amended BY THE ADDITION OF A NEW PARAGRAPH to read:

24-34-104. General assembly review of regulatory agencies and functions for termination, continuation, or Restablishment.

(43) The following agencies, functions, or both, shall terminate on July 1, 2012:

(n) THE LICENSING OF NATUROPATHIC DOCTORS PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 37.3 OF TITLE 12, C.R.S.

SECTION 4. 2-3-1203 (3) (y), Colorado Revised Statutes, is amended BY THE ADDITION OF A NEW SUBPARAGRAPH to read:

2-3-1203. Sunset review of advisory committees. (3) The following dates are the dates for which the statutory authorization for the designated advisory committees is scheduled for repeal: (y) July 1, 2012:

(III) THE NATUROPATHIC FORMULARY COUNCIL CREATED IN SECTION 12-37.3-109, C.R.S., AND THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE CREATED IN SECTION 12-37.3-107, C.R.S.

SECTION 5. Effective date – applicability. This act shall take effect upon passage and shall apply to all persons practicing or seeking to practice naturopathic medicine on or after said date.

SECTION 6. Safety clause. The general assembly hereby finds,

determines, and declares that this act is necessary for the immediate 18

preservation of the public peace, health, and safety.

Be Better

February 1, 2008 Uncategorized | Comments (0) Tyler @ 4:03 pm

Have you ever said that you are doing your best, but deep down know that you really are not.  That you probably can do better.  We after I watched this video I remembered with shame some of the times that I had said those exact words. 

God, community, children, wives, husbands, sisters, brothers, all people need you to be a powerful people.  The world will transform right before your eyes once you work toward that place.  The place where we are honest with all, including ourself. 

I watchede this video right before going to the gym for my afternoon work out.  You bet I trained harder that ever.  What will you do with it?

 Tyler

Fact of the Day: ionizer

Uncategorized | Comments (0) Tyler @ 3:58 pm
Fact of the Day: ionizer
I ripped this from the guys at refference.com

Ionizers work by arcing a small current of electricity off a thin needle and into the air. The electrons bind to nearby air molecules and give them a negative charge. These negatively charged molecules are propelled or drift throughout the room and attract tiny pollutants such as smoke, dust, pollen, and aerosols. Evenutally, these bundles of pollutants become too heavy to remain airborne and settle onto the surfaces of the room. The benefits of using an ionizer include the removal of microscopic contaminants, smoke, viruses, odors, pollen, aerosols, and other pollutants.

The effect is likened to the clean air near waterfalls or after lightning, other good sources fo negative ions.

They may also be effective as anti-depressants according to a much quoted article in Allure Magazine (June 95, “Pumping Ions”) regarding a study by two research psychologists at the New York State Psychiatric Institute Columbia University. Unfortunately, there can be drawbacks to using an ionizer. The charged pollutant clusters cling to walls and create a sooty buildup that may need periodic cleaning. Similar to lightning, the arc from poorly designed ionizers can create ozone and nitrous oxide.

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